Capital Punishment A Controversial Issue - 957 Words

Capital punishment has been a controversial issue that still exists in America today. Capital punishment is a law passed by the government to punish any individual that has been convicted of committed a heinous crime. The death penalty has been a method used throughout history as punishment for criminals. The punishment also known as the death penalty is a scheduled execution, which would be done with lethal injection. The reason why this punishment is chosen is because when crimes are committed that shock the conscience, the immediate emotional reaction is to retaliate with severe punishment (Schnurbush 2016). The death penalty is debated when it is brought up, opinions vary from one group of people to another, one side says the execution is murder, and the other saying that it is justice being done. Each side presents valid arguments to why people should be for it or against it; people’s opinions are formed by personal beliefs. The pros for the death penalty are convicting are those with serious crimes such as torture rape and murder. Capital punishment over time has become more humane because it was done by injections instead of methods used in the past. Capital punishment is the only way to stop crimes. It is believed that the threat of capital punishment reduces violent crimes. Executing convicted murders, save society money instead of keeping them in jail. The death penalty is a just and proper way of handling convicted murderers. Family’s that have lost a loved oneShow MoreRelated Analysis of the Controversial Issue of Capital Punishment Essay2237 Words   |  9 PagesThe Controversial Issue of Capital Punishment   Ã‚  Ã‚   Capital punishment is a declining institution as the twentieth century nears its end. At one time capital punishment was a common worldwide practice, but now it is only used for serious violation of laws in 100 of the worlds 180 nations (Haines 3 ). It can be traced back to the earliest forms of civilization. The origins of the movement away from capital punishment are difficult to date precisely. The abolition movement can be heard asRead MoreEssay on Death Penalty1342 Words   |  6 Pages Capital Punishment Capital Punishment: a.k.a. the death penalty. To kill or not to kill. This is an extremely controversial question in today’s society. The number of people who are for it still believe in the saying, â€Å" an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.† These are the people who feel if you intentionally take the life of someone else, then yours should be taken as well. But then there are the other number of people who feel the death penalty should be banned because of its cruelRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Wrongful Convictions980 Words   |  4 Pageshas been a controversial topic among society for ages. An issue often brought up when discussing the legality of capital punishment is wrongful convictions. Advocates of the death penalty say that, while wrongful convictions are an issue, those few cases do not outweigh the need for lawful execution of felons who are, without a doubt, guilty. On the other hand, the opponents argue that the death penalty is wrong from both a legal and moral standpoint, an ineffective form of punishment, and shouldRead MoreCapital Punishment On Trial : Furman V. Georgia And The Death Penalty985 Words   |  4 PagesIn David M. Oshinsky’s book, Capital Punishment on Trial: Furman v. Georgia and the Death Penalty in Modern America, he discussed the case of Furman v. Georgia. He explores the controversy that capital punishment holds in the United States of America. The death penalty has been in practice for many cent uries. For example, â€Å"In Massachusetts, where religion had played a key role in settlement, crimes like blasphemy, witchcraft, sodomy, adultery, and incest became capital offenses, through juries sometimesRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty991 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your having a normal morning, eating breakfast doing your normal routine. Suddenly your phone rings and when you answer you hear the worst news possible. One of your family members has just been murdered in cold blood. You cry, mourn, then become angry. You attend the court hearing and you sit less than 20 feet away from the murderer. Do you truly believe this person deserves to live? Or should they face a punishment that is equal to their crime? Some may say CapitalRead MoreA Liberal Perspective On Capital Punishment1247 Words   |  5 PagesPerspective on Capital Punishment The liberal ideology is based in the values of individualism, in that the individual themselves is important in their pursuit and struggle for freedom. There are some factors that are common in liberalism, some of which include: liberty, formation of equality and dominance of individuals in bearing within their society. This essay will discuss these ideas of liberalism in relation to how they support the controversial issue of capital punishment. Capital punishment is theRead MoreIs Death Penalty Ethical? Or Should It Be Abolished?1717 Words   |  7 Pages Is Death Penalty Ethical? Or Should it be Abolished? Capital punishment, or death penalty is an ongoing controversial issue that has been discussed among people today. Different people view capital punishment differently. Some may oppose such punishment while others may agree with it. Some people have viewed capital punishment as a deterrence of crime, and others have seen it as murder and thus unethical. Despite the fact that over 135 countries across the world have prohibited the use ofRead MoreThe Issue Of Capital Punishment1383 Words   |  6 PagesPaper 30 Mar. 2015 Capital Punishment Every year as a result of the United States judicial system, a multitude of American citizens are put to death for murder, rape, and other such heinous crimes. This modus of punishment, otherwise referred to as capital punishment, is one used by the United States, her military, and most of her states. Most of the developed countries in this world have voided this coarse method of punishment, but the United States situation poses many complex issues, which cause thisRead MoreThe Death Penalty Of The United States1520 Words   |  7 PagesThe use of the death penalty in the United States has always been a controversial topic. The death penalty, also known as Capital Punishment, is a legal process where a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a heinous crime. The judicial decree that someone be punished in this manner is a death sentence, while the actual enforcement is an execution (Bishop 1). Over the years, most of the world has abolished the death penalty. But th e United States government, and a majority of itsRead More Capital Punishment Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pagesexpression, â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth† has become the basis for this political debate over the past several decades --- capital punishment. In society today, many people are murdered every day by the hands of another human being. Those who are for capital punishment promote that it is a deterrent for crime, provides closure, and is a moral punishment for those who choose to take a human life. Those not in favor of it argue that it is an ineffective crime deterrent, sends the wrong

American Indian Movement Activism and Repression Essay

American Indian Movement: Activism and Repression Native Americans have felt distress from societal and governmental interactions for hundreds of years. American Indian protests against these pressures date back to the colonial period. Broken treaties, removal policies, acculturation, and assimilation have scarred the indigenous societies of the United States. These policies and the continued oppression of the native communities produced an atmosphere of heightened tension. Governmental pressure for assimilation and their apparent aim to destroy cultures, communities, and identities through policies gave the native people a reason to fight. The unanticipated consequence was the subsequent creation of a pan-American Indian†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"As civil rights issues and rhetoric dominated the headlines, some Indian groups adopted the vocabulary and techniques of African Americans in order to get Indian issues covered by the media and thus before the American public† (Johnson 31). In Minneapolis, Minnesota a larg e percentage of the native community complained about frequent harassment and brutality by local police forces. In an effort to address this issue, the formation of Indian patrol units took action by monitoring the activities of police in Indian neighborhoods. Eventually, three of these patrol leaders, Clyde Bellecourt, Dennis Banks, and George Mitchell organized the American Indian Movement in the summer of 1968. â€Å"Molded loosely after the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense established by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, California, two years previously, the group took as its first tasks the protection of the city’s sizable native community from a pattern of rampant police abuse and the creation of programs for jobs, housing, and education† (Churchill 243). The meeting by this group of individuals was to combat the local problems facing the native communities of Minneapolis and St. Paul. The original organization that emerged from these early planning sessions was named the Concerned Indians of America. A week after the name was revised due to the unfavorable acronym and converted to the American Indian Movement. The new name would become important for the actionsShow MoreRelatedAmerican Indian Movement Essay3074 Words   |  13 PagesAmerican Indian Movement: Activism and Repression Native Americans have felt distress from societal and governmental interactions for hundreds of years. American Indian protests against these pressures date back to the colonial period. Broken treaties, removal policies, acculturation, and assimilation have scarred the indigenous societies of the United States. These policies and the continued oppression of the native communities produced an atmosphere of heightened tension. Governmental pressureRead More Mexican-Americans Fight for Equality in America Essay1804 Words   |  8 PagesMexican-Americans Fight for Equality in America The United States has always been thought of as the the land of opportunity. Why is it that for years Mexican-Americans have been mistreated and discriminated against? There are millions of people that live in the US that are of Mexican descent. Throughout the Mexican-American history they have faced constant struggles to be recognized as equal citizens. The white man drove them from their own homes when they first settled in America. The AngloRead MoreNelson Mandela Essay examples2792 Words   |  12 PagesNelson Mandela Excuse me sir, may I see your pass? These words mean very little to most Americans; however these words struck fear in the hearts of black South Africans during the times of apartheid. While apartheid was being practiced, blacks were restricted in the jobs they could hold, facilities they could use, as well as the places they could be, and all blacks had to carry passes for identification purposes. If the passes were not in order, the carrier was subject to arrest. ThroughRead MoreBlack Panther Party3043 Words   |  13 PagesHuey P. Newtons leadership of the Party are as significant to the Black freedom struggle as more widely known leaders of the Civil Rights Movement. A typical American history high school textbook not only neglects to mention Huey Newton but also disregards the existence of the Black Panthers altogether. Therefore, we must open this missed chapter in American history and discover the legacy and story of Huey P. Newton. Hueys experiences growing up were cente red in his conception of the Black PanthersRead MoreGuideline And Study Questions For The T4059 Words   |  17 Pagesthe following questions, there will be NO choice. The essay will be worth 35 points. Essay questions for the Third Examination: 1. Discuss the history between America and Japan that led to the attack on Pearl Harbor in l941. 2. The Civil Rights Movement (l945-1965) included a legal attack â€Å"and† a grassroots attack on racism and segregation. Discuss why both approaches were needed and give example of both strategies. 3. Analyze the causes of the Great Depression and President Roosevelt’s effortsRead MoreThe Moment Before the Gun Went Off (Activities Included)3884 Words   |  16 Pages but he was neither an activist nor particularly sympathetic toward the experiences of black people under apartheid. Conversely, Gordimer saw activism by her mother, whose concern about the poverty and discrimination faced by black people in South Africa ostensibly led her to found a crà ¨che for black children. Gordimer also witnessed government repression firsthand when yet a teenager; the police raided her family home, confiscating letters and diaries from a servants room. Gordimer was educatedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Read MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesacquirer Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Edmonds, Ennis Barrington. Rastafari : from outcasts to culture bearers / Ennis Barrington Edmonds. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-513376-5 1. Rastafari movement. 2. Jamaica—Religious life and customs. I. Title. BL2532.R37 E36 2002 299†².676—dc21 2002074897 v To Donnaree, my wife, and Donnisa, my daughter, the two persons around whom my life revolves; and to the ancestors whose struggles have enabledRead More Religion in the World Today Essay5782 Words   |  24 Pagesminorities, and women, have been taken advantage of, denied their inalienable rights, and forced into unfavorable situations. Even in the United States within the last century, women have been denied the right to vote. Minorities, such as African Americans, were denied equal treatment. Blacks were legally obligated to separate themselves from places that were considered â€Å"white only.† Certain schools, restaurants, and other public places, were the locations for the cause of embarrassment and socialRead MoreHistory of Transgender9448 Words   |  38 Pages 19 Summery This paper was originally written for the â€Å"Sex, Gender and Identity† program of The School for International Training (SIT) in Amsterdam. SIT is an US university and specializes in study abroad programs for students from American universities. This paper discusses transgender identities during the last hundred and fifty years. The introduction to this paper describes how gender can be defined, and how our current day two-gender system evolved from a one-gender system in

Law Code of Hammurabi Free Essays

Everything and everyone has a history. Things and materials do not just appear on this earth. They all have beginning. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Code of Hammurabi or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s very interesting to see where things got started. How we came to evolve to the way we are today. Everything is so interesting, but the thing that has caught my attention more is The Code of Hammurabi. According to Judith Levin, The Code of Hammurabi was discovered in the winter of 1902 and 1903 while digging up the site of ancient city of Susa, present day Iran. They found three large shiny pieces of shiny black stone that formed a monument almost seven and a half feet tall (13). The writing was in the script of cuneiform. In essence The Code of Hammurabi was the first set of laws ever established. It was an ‘eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth’ kind of laws. You killed someone†¦someone will kill you. Hammurabi was king of Babylon about 4,000 years ago. Babylon was the land between the rivers, the rivers being Tigris and the Euphrates. He proclaimed that he was â€Å"Hammurabi, King of Justice. † That he protected the weak – poor people, widows, orphans- from the powerful (Levin). I chose to compare some of the law codes in Hammurabi’s Law Codes and some amendments from the United States Constitution. The Code of Hammurabi was believed to be written 1727 BCE (Constitutuion. org). The United States Constitution was ratified 1788. The Code of Hammurabi being one of the first written laws and regulations to the laws and regulations we live by today. I found interesting because knowing where we first started shows how much the human race has changed. When it comes to the characteristics the United States Constitution and Hammurabi’s Law Code have in common both, obviously, are sets of laws. This means that they both have decrees that must be followed. Also, the purpose of both of these laws is to protect and bring justice to the people to whom the rules shall apply. Some basic differences are the severity of rules and punishments. The Code of Hammurabi is kind of extreme. The Code of Hammurabi was a primitive and cruel justice system that relied on fear to keep the populace in line. Hammurabi claimed he was sent by a god to rule, so therefore, no one would question his authority. Religion alone was not enough to keep the people in line, so Hammurabi created a code of laws that would scare the people into obedience. Breaking the laws resulted in an inhumane or exaggerated punishment. Common human error was treated as a crime, and could have severe consequences. The people lived in constant fear of the law. The justice system claimed to have an â€Å"eye for an eye† mentality, but it often seemed that it was a life for an eye. Killing a man for committing robbery is extreme; he could just be picking a pocket, rather than robbing a bank. Cutting of an offender’s hand was a common punishment for small crimes. If a son strikes his father, his hand shall be cut off. This is done regardless of the circumstances, considering the father could be beating the son. Amputating a hand often led to death, for there was no medicine to stop the bleeding. The court attempted to keep people from bearing false witness, by giving severe penalties. If a man cannot prove that the man he is accusing of murder is guilty, he shall be put to death. While this might deter citizens from making false accusations, it might cause an innocent man to be put to death because he could not find evidence. If someone were to bear false witness concerning grain or money, he shall put death. A little extreme, considering it could be concerning pocket change. Sentences like this would cause the people to be afraid to stand up for their rights in court. Severe penalties were often inflicted in cases of common human error. If a physician were to cause a man’s death while operating, he would lose his hand. Physicians who try to do well are punished for making mistakes. Once they lose their hand, they cannot operate again. A bit harsh in my opinion. On the other hand, the United States Constitution isn’t as extreme. It’s not perfect, but nothing really. There is always going to be flaws. The United States Constitution covers all the almost all the laws as the code of Hammurabi, but not so extreme. With the Law of Hammurabi, only one person could decide the person’s fate. With the Constitution, we the people have the right to have someone defend us in court. We have the right to be tried by a grand jury versus the judge himself/herself. We have many more options to protect ourselves. We have rights that follow us all through the process. For example, once we get arrested we have our Miranda rights; we have a time limit as to how long they can keep us under custody. For example, once arrested, if we don’t see a judge with a certain amount of hours they have to let us go. With the code of Hammurabi, you stood trial. If one person and one person only believed you were guilty, then not even God would save you. If the judge couldn’t determine who was the guilty and who the innocent was, you had to do some extreme things that were totally uncalled for. For example, â€Å"if any one bring an accusation against a man, and the accused go to the river and leap into the river, if he sink in the river his accuser shall take possession of his house. But if the river prove that the accused is not guilty, and he escape unhurt, then he who had brought the accusation shall be put to death, while he who leaped into the river shall take possession of the house that had belonged to his accuser (King). Something interesting about both of them is their regulations for people who tell lies against other people. Under Hammurabi’s rule if someone came forward to accuse someone else of a crime, they better have the means of evidence to back it up or there would be consequences. For example, if I came forward and accused Ben of stealing, if I can’t prove Ben was stealing then my punishment for lying would be the punishment Ben would have gotten if he really was stealing. Under the Code of Hammurabi this is getting my hand cute off (Legal History and Philosophy). So people were pretty spectical about coming forward and accusing people with crimes if they didn’t have rock hard evidence. Under the United States Constitution, there is a charge and penatly for lying or give the police unreliable information and it conflicts with an investigation. If it might give us a misdemeanor but nothing major like cutting off someone’s hand. Hammurabi’s Code was stricter and less tolerant. The United states Constitution is strict but it has its parameters. It doesn’t just go off on a killing spree for everyone crime in the book. The Code of Hammurabi, most of the consequences for the crimes is death. That’s kind of harsh. Everyone under Hammurabi’s reign became model citizens, expert liars, or were extinct with the rest of the population he was killing. People were afraid to do anything. He called himself the defender of middle class and the poor but in reality he didn’t protect them. He fined the rich because they had the money to pay, if they got caught up in a crime all they had to to do was pay. When the poor got involved with crimes they didn’t have money to pay up so they were punished with other means†¦like cutting of f a hand, being put to death, etc. It is good that someone did establish laws starting with â€Å"if. † Instead of having something is just illegal or â€Å"thou shall not†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The Hammurabi Code’s were actually set realistically. The punishments might have not been but they started off good. â€Å"If this crime is committed, then this is the punishment. They were realistic that even if they declared something illegal someone was still going to break the law. The United States Constitution, was built over many years and many people. They just didn’t write one thing down and leave it like that. They got accustomed to the changes of the world. Rules and regulations were later added to adjust to the ch anging world. In Conclusion, The Code of Hammurabi is what got the law started in a way. But the United States Constitution is how far along it was come. Everything needs a start. Hammurabi was the start†¦. things evolve and change with time. We all adapt. How to cite Law Code of Hammurabi, Essays

Case Study Analysis on Apple Implemented Strategies

Question: Describe about the Case Study Analysis on Apple for Implemented Strategies. Answer: Introduction: No matter how big a player one is in the market, problems are part of every organizations life (Reason 2016). Apple is one such big player whose success stories are in plenty but still it has some issues to deal with that sometimes acts as a speed breaker in its way of moving forward. Apples reputation in the market is one to be jealous of, but it too has issues internally and externally and of late the reputation has taken a beating. The company has faced some issues after the release of iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 plus. iPhone has been a popular choice for people over the years but with cropping up of issues the organisation must put the spotlight on solving those problems as quickly as possible. Over the years it has emerged as one of the giants in the computer and electronics industry with its implemented strategies being the best (Korten 2015). But the path has not been that easy to get to the place where it is today. The market has become very competitive and one small mistake can lead to thousands of adversity. People have said innumerous number of times that a big organization like Apple does not requires a Public relation department but it is one of the major parts of the organisation. Professional Accounting and Public Relation problem associated with Apple Inc. Apple uses SAP software worldwide and it has one of the most efficient and best accounting system standards. To know the problems faced by Apple in its accounting system, first we need to look into the functionality of the same. It is very cost effective Helps in decision making and determining the organizational goals Develop the products quality Improve the effectiveness and efficiency of companys profit Helps in collection and procession of data As stated earlier Apple uses the SAP software, its functionality with the company are: SAP is one of the most popular software used by the big corporate globally The software provides packages for different applications such as supply chain management, purchase, asset management and enterprise resource planning. Accounting system of any company helps in matters such as safety, cost efficiency, forecasting and determining speed at which the firm works (Bebbington and Larrinaga 2014). SAP software has its own benefits too. It helps in minimizing redundancy risk like quality inspection and supervision. It also facilitates in helping develop a more efficient environment and solves the problem of language barrier and currency rates. SAP assists in enhancing the knowledge. Problems with Apples Accounting System: In July 2013, Turkish security researcher Ibrahim Balic hacked the developer portal of Apple. The company issued a statement later saying that the hacking incident might have stolen information about their around 2, 75,000 registered third party developers who were in the habit of using it. The hacking led to a speculation among developers that the portal developer.apple.com might have experienced a database break down or it has been hacked. Ibrahim Balic claimed that his intention was not to hack the site but to let Apple know the flaws it has in its system that was leaking valuable information. Apple was never on the same page with Ibrahim as it shut down the portal, updated the server software and rebuilds the entire database. This incident did manage to point out the loopholes in the Apples accounting system. Other situations or problems that might occur are the danger to accounting information, security measures and management. The SAP software is a tad too expensive and its inflexible nature can cause a problem or two to go along with its not being user friendly. Moreover SAP requires a signed agreement by the company for its use and it holds that company to the vendor until the end of that contract. Accounting does face a lot of challenges these days, irrespective of any organization. Certain issues which present business with challenges are: Development of new business 70.5% Finding good talent 51.1% Changes related to internal matters 33.0% Technological issues 30.7% Meeting clients expectations/Deals 29.6% Organizations that are able to face these challenges with proper strategies stand out from the rest in the market. International competition with more and more competitive pressure is bogging down the firms to organic growth (Fogliasso and Williams 2014). There is intense competition and challenges to generate new leads are becoming difficult. Talented people are always welcome in organizations and a firms reputation plays a vital role in hiring the best in the market for the optimum output. Apples reputation is huge in the market and for it acquiring the best people is not a hard job. Its from todays recruitment that leaders of tomorrow are born. Big organizations do boost of highly intelligent visible experts who shape up the brand image among both clients and employees. No matter how talented one is, he cannot work forever, so an organization needs to be in a continuous cycle of developing leaders and for that visibility experts need to assist the firms. Technological issues and dealing with clients expectations are a struggle that firms face every single day (Christensen 2013). Technological needs and related clients expectations are difficult to deal with. Clients do expect big service from the firms and they expect their problems to be solved as fast as it can be. Client satisfaction is a huge thing in todays market and firms cannot overlook it. Firms do look for the kind of clients they are best suited for, or the section of people who have been the real backbone in adding profit to the companys account, the loyal customers. Problem 1: iCloud Breach The popular iCloud was getting hacked with hackers focusing on top level female celebrities, stealing their private images and videos that raised doubts on iClouds security system. Apple did issue a statement after this but the situation did not boil down. The public relation response of Apple stated that they investigated the cases of security breach but none of the cases were related to Apples system including iCloud and Find my iPhone. Find my Iphone service has a security blemish which permitted the hackers to continuously guess a users log-in information. Numerous attempts did not result in any repercussion and eventually it got locked out after number of failed attempts. This resulted in the hackers being able to break into the users accounts. Some tech experts were quick to find out that Apple ignored the most important fact that with right tools Apples ID can be easily cracked down. People became scared and it was imperative on Apples part to make things work again in the right way. Molly Jacobson, Account executive at National Strategies Public Relations commented that after the security breach, Apple should have come up with a more polished statement than its sub standard one which it issued. Hackers ability to access personal files is just not acceptable. Molly went on to add that hacking of such personal files is way more dangerous than getting access to someones bank account details. With hacking of bank accounts, funds can be refunded, but not peoples reputation with hacking of such private files. A problem that needed a quick action from Apple and they did just that. To counter the breach in security problem, Apple released a statement that deal with the issue of security. If hackers do try to get into elses iCloud account, notification emails will be send to the users alerting them about the matter. It also has two dynamic passwords authentication classification that texts users a randomized admission code. The security got strengthened but users were advised to change or update their passwords on a regular basis. Moreover, they were suggested to use passwords that are complex in nature including both the uppercase and lowercase letters as well as symbols. Passwords with birthdays and names of people are an easy way in for hackers. Users were advised to avoid these for their own benefits. Remembering a lot of passwords can be a tag difficult, but with password manager program things have become easy. This tool will generate passwords randomly and stock them in a protected vault. Users thus, just need to remember one in order to safeguard the others. Problem 2: iOS8 malfunction Problems with iOS8 delayed the much anticipated release of HealthKit apps. The apps were supposed to be released with the launch of iPhone 6. The iOS8s faulty nature made developers delay the release of the apps. Some common issues with the App were that some of the new iPhones were incapable to make calls and problems of using third party key boards were also there. A report published in Crittercism stated that iOS8s crash percentage was 78% more than what people experienced with iOS7. The company had some problems with its internal employees too with certain rumors doing the rounds that the workers do not get proper time for meals or being kept waiting for hours beyond their duty periods for supervisors to go through their private stuff (Keating 2016). The added up time for that did not provide with any wages that as reported amounted to around $1500. However, everybody wants to be a part of a successful organization and people working in Apple are no different. Problems do occur, its like part and parcel of an organisations life, Apple has been facing a lot of issues recently but that have not been able to bog down the giant. It has come up with solutions every time there has been a problem. Its how quickly a firm can react to a certain situation and make things work again is what puts it at different level than the rest (Coombs and Holladay 2013). Recommended Solutions to the Professional Accounting and Public Relation problem of the Apple Inc. Ways to improve the accounting system of Apple Inc. Controls System both internal and the external one Reporting of any problem if there is any Sometimes organizations do take outside help from other accounting solution organizations in seeking the best technical advice that in turn helps the client company to improve its financial reports (Hazelton 2013). Outsourcing this will leave the company to focus on areas of its primary concern. Every organisation has its own needs and the accounting solution company must be able to cater the need of that company and come up with the best possible solutions, building a strong relationship and a steady base for the clients business success. It can also provide its assistance to the client company in accounting recruiting and providing them with proper training and control to both the new and the existing staffs (Kristensen and Israelsen 2013). It generally provides the technical accounting recommendation, internal audits, expert imminent to offer substitute treatment and solutions. Apple and SAP are in partnership to transform work. The two giants have come together to reform the mobile use experience. They have vowed to provide people with better life experience and shaping the world for today and tomorrow. They are going to combine the powerful apps of SAP HANA Cloud and SAP S/4HANA, collectively with iOS, building the most strong and secure mobile stage for projects, delivering people with live data from wherever and whenever they decide to work. SAP will be a real boost for Apple to stay ahead in the competition. With this joining of hands between the two giants Apple plans to build up user friendly apps with proper assistance from the German firm (Apple 2016). According to reports from Reuters, Apple has been in partnership with other big firms like IBM and Cisco which has enabled them to reach to global business professionals. Apple and its Public Relation technique: Apple has been a champion of silent techniques when it comes to PR campaigns. Apples public relation campaigns have always been like this, even when it was not this popular. It has always maintained that its products do not need those long boring funny ads to let people know what makes those products so important in peoples life (Olasky 2013). Apple believes their products speak for themselves. Apple has always been able to maintain that hype, that buzz around its products. They have been highly successful in creating that suspense that is generally witnessed on and before the launch of any Apple product (Apple 2016). Over the years, Apple has been getting the love of the people; it has some of the most loyal customer base in the market. Even at the time of crisis the company has used this silent technique to turn around things for good (Broom et al. 2013). Fig. 1 Apples PR structure to launch new products Apple believes in: Communication is the key to a brand- Apple has been very disciplined in its silent ways of product launches and keeping itself at bay to unnecessary media wars. It does not have thousand stories to build around its product, things in Apple gets described from the top. Apple connects in the most amazing way with its users. Even in the social media every customer tweets, comments, problems are being addressed and one can easily point out that Apple do not use generic responses to communicate with their customers, real humans gives real replies and that connects well with the people (Hitt et 2012). Negative online reviews are hard to stop with so many social networks working, but it is the duty of the public relation to keep a track of these conversations where bad things are said about the company (Damsio et al. 2012). The public relation must be able to reply to the point and clearly as and when required (Dozier et al. 2013). Apples unique way of press releases- Steve Jobs is the face of Apple and how astonishingly he is the man who approves all the press releases that comes out of the company. Apple is not in the habit of holding many press releases; they say something when they have something very important to say. No matter how big a company is, a press release on product description or enhancement is important (Heracleous and Papachroni 2012). Journalists are an important section of the media. It is always advisable to call journalists who are trustworthy and Apple has been inviting some top ones its press releases, arranging first row seats for them and handing them with the products before a launch. It has implemented its silent techniques on journalists too who have gone a little too far in revealing about its products (Parsons 2016). On one or two occasions it has even send letters to the top journalists who have been a bit too open about their latest launches. Culture marketing is becoming vital in PR- One section of Apples PR division is in the charge of focusing on high profile people and make them or in other words mould them to use Apple products (Menzel 2013). In the problem section related to Public relations it was reported that iCloud breach of security was a major problem which effected high profile celebrities too. There are two ways to tackle this situation: Killing the security question: Password reset questions are silly things that have long being laughed on. Those questions are very easy to guess especially when the client is a high profile one, with everything about them mentioned all over the web (Jefkins 2016). It is much safer to retrieve a password reset link from the mail of users who have forgotten their passwords. With presence of physical mailing address in the file Apple can mail them a one-time recovery mail. It was suggested in a daily report that Apple can also charge some cents or two dollars to the users who have lost both the password and the access to the mail. Make Passwords delinquents prove themselves in person: Cornell computer security professor Ari Juels, recommended for a faster last resort revival method: demanding that password limbos must prove their uniqueness in person. People do not have that habit of going to a counter and resetting passwords themselves, they are more into submission of documents and getting things done. Apple does have its retail outlets in many countries, so all that the user needs to do is to be there physically at one of the genius bars, prove themselves and get the password reset. The company can also work in tandem with banks and post offices who will work as authentication authorities. In case of Apples iOS8 dilemma it reacted quickly which is important in this kind of situations. Within one week of new iPhones hitting the market, it released an updated version of iOS 8 which was iOS 8.0.1. However, problems still existed even with the updated version. Users were having difficulty to use the fingerprint reading Touch ID. Apple went further and came up with a new update, iOS 8.0.2 which would fix the problems arising from the use of iOS 8.0.1. Things like this happen; errors can bypass the testing system. It so happens that real problems do emerge in real situations so every issue cannot be predetermined and tested for possible solutions (Culbertson and Chen 2013). Sometimes the solution has been lightning quick, sometimes a bit lagged as was in the case of iCloud security breach. It is a brand that people have been made for, so much so that its new launches witnesses people being in tents for days to get their first hand on the products (Cutlip 2013). It has got very loyal customer base and Apple will do anything to hold onto it forever for people are the biggest strengths for ant organisation. Peoples belief in Apple brand is immense and it is in the hands of the company to strengthen that bond further with a little more detailing and care for its customers. Apples public relation campaigns are something that others can take a leaf or two out of it to have success. It teaches on how to successfully use PR techniques to create a buzz, and launch products with proper accomplishment and favorable reviews with consumer recognition (Grunig 2013). Apple has been a role model for many other firms of different sectors. Companies like this are examples for others to follow. Not every company has the potential to be in the same page with that of Apple but things can be better with a proper design or model of an organization whose success stories speaks for themselves. Conclusion: Apple Inc has been a market leader everywhere, not only in Australia only. It has had some issues but it has taken things in its stride, gone back to the drawing board and make things work again. Problems are related to its accounting, management and public relations but it is bound to be there because of its high tech submission, using the highest enterprise application software (Smith 2012). This report takes into account all the possibilities and situations that have been faced by the company over the years. Apple has been quick to react at times, like in case of iOS 8, and sometimes it was slow to start off like in case of iCloud breach of security. But it has come long years and taken giant steps to be in the place where it is now. Apple has been tactically good in partnering with SAP to make its device more powerful. These decisions have ensured it retains the position of market leader. Market and environment will always present challenges, but it is the ability of the firm to turn those challenges into success and move along. Apple has kept things compact and it has not changed those successful techniques even after being highly successful. Apple has not been too loud when things have gone out of control, they have been holding things tight, and with the excellent talent at their bay its always easy to come back strong. Tim Cook has been instrumental after Steve Jobs in carrying on the good work. References: Apple (Australia). (2016).Business. [online] Available at: https://www.apple.com/au/business/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Apple (Australia). (2016).Labour Human Rights - Supplier Responsibility - Apple (AU). [online] Available at: https://www.apple.com/au/supplier-responsibility/labor-and-human-rights/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Bebbington, J. and Larrinaga, C., 2014. Accounting and sustainable development: An exploration.Accounting, Organizations and Society,39(6), pp.395-413. Broom, G.M., Sha, B.L. and Seshadrinathan, S., 2013.Cutlip Center's effective public relations. Essex, England: Pearson Education. Christensen, C., 2013.The innovator's dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Harvard Business Review Press. Coombs, W.T. and Holladay, S.J., 2013.It's not just PR: Public relations in society. John Wiley Sons. Culbertson, H.M. and Chen, N., 2013.International public relations: A comparative analysis. Routledge. Cutlip, S.M., 2013.The unseen power: Public relations: A history. Routledge. Damsio, M.J., Dias, P. and Andrade, J.G., 2012. The PR Pyramid: Social media and the new role of Public Relations in organizations.Revista Internacional de Relaciones Pblicas,2(4), pp.11-30. Dewey, J. and Rogers, M.L., 2012.The public and its problems: An essay in political inquiry. Penn State Press. Dozier, D.M., Grunig, L.A. and Grunig, J.E., 2013.Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Fogliasso, C.E. and Williams, A., 2014. Analysis Of The Business, Societal And Governmental Relationships Of Apple Inc.Leadership Organizational Management Journal,2014(1). Grunig, J.E., 2013.Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Hazelton, J., 2013. Accounting as a human right: the case of water information.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,26(2), pp.267-311. Heracleous, L. and Papachroni, A., 2012. Strategic leadership and innovation at Apple Inc.case study. Coventry: Warwick Business School. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Jefkins, F., 2016.Public Relations: Made Simple. Elsevier. Keating, M., 2016 Changing the subject: putting labour into public relations research.Media International Australia,160(1), pp.20-31. Korten, D.C., 2015.When corporations rule the world. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Kristensen, T.B. and Israelsen, P., 2013. Management accounting system problems in context of Lean.The Routledge Companion to Cost Management, p.32. Menzel, A., 2013. How well placed Apple is to sustain its recent success in the Consumer Electronics Industry. Olasky, M.N., 2013.Corporate public relations: A new historical perspective. Routledge. Parsons, P.J., 2016.Ethics in public relations: A guide to best practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Reason, J., 2016.Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Routledge. Smith, R.D., 2012.Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge.

Othello Characters Essays - Othello, Michael Cassio, Emilia, Iago

Othello Characters Othello: This is main character in the play. He is a Moorish General and head of the army of Venice. He is a warrior, honest, and loves his new wife, Desdemona very much. His one flaw is that he trusts his ensign, Iago too much and allows Iago to corrupt him. Iago cons him into believing his wife is cheating on him, and he kills her for it. When he realises she was not cheating, he commits suicide in anguish. Iago: He is Othello's ensign, and the main villian in the play. He hoped to be promoted to the position of lieutanent, but Othello chose Cassio over him. To get revenge, he hatches a plot to convince Othello that Cassio and Desdemona, Othello's wife are having an affair. He is truly evil, and cares only about himself. Desdemona: She is the wife of Othello, and the daughter to the Venetian senator, Brabantio. Against her father's wishes, she married Othello, a man of a different race. For that, her father disowned her. Due to Iago's deeds, Othello ends up killing her. She is deeply in love with Othello, and her last words are in his support. Cassio: He is Othello's lieutanent, and was chosen of the veteran soldier Iago for the position. He is a young and handsome Florentine, and a ladies man. He ends up getting drunk and wounding Montano, Governor of Cyprus. This causes him to dismissed from his post. He manages to avoid being killed in a plot by Iago. Near the end, he is appointed Governor of Cyprus. Lee's Analysis Emilia: She is the wife of Iago, and is loud and cynical-especially about men. This is because of years of living with the sexist Iago. Even though she does not hold her husband with high regards, she does not suspect him of plotting out his elaborate schemes. She dies at her husband's hand after disclosing the truth about Desdemona's fidelity. Roderigo: A rich and gullible Venetian who is in love with Desdemona. He pays Iago to arrange for he and Desdemona to get together. After a failed attempt to murder Cassio, he is killed by Iago. The Duke: The ruler of Venice. He sends Othello to Cyprus, and tries to settle the dispute between Brabantio and Othello. Brabantio: A Venetian senator and father to Desdemona. He opposes the marriage of his daughter and Desdemona. Montano: Governor of Cyprus, who is wounded when by Cassio when he gets drunk. Bianca: Cassio's mistress. Lodovico and Gratiano: Venetian gentlemen and kinsmen to Brabantio.

A Deeper Darkness - Edgar Allen Poe essays

A Deeper Darkness - Edgar Allen Poe essays Edgar Allan Poe is considered to be one of the most influential short story authors of mystery, suspense, and the supernatural. His usage of literary techniques compels his reader to finish his tales at one sitting. It is believed that Poes usage of first-person narrative in his short stories enhances an underlying emphasis on the mysteries of the self, of others, of nature, ad of the universe through the narrators observations. Much of Poes works were used to undercut the easy optimism and certainty characteristic popular to his time because of his usage of the darker aspect of life and living. His works carry within them multiple senses of depths. Not merely representing the physical, his tales also have metaphorical depths of mystery, of uncertainty, of the Unknown. In most of Poes writings his sense of style and influential views are present through the uniqueness of his works. Regarded as the architect of the modern horror tales, Poe was also the principle forerunner of the art for arts sake movement in nineteenth-century European literature (Poe Intro., 2749). He is also credited with parenting two other popular genres: science fiction and the detective story (Keller, 1898). He demonstrates a brilliant command of language and technique as well as an inspired and original imagination (Poe Intro., 2749). Throughout his writing career Poe included personal experiences in his writing from his war with alcoholism to the death of young wife. The traumas and bizarreness of his life also give his writings an extra flare of suspense and the element to spark emotion in the reader. However, such traumas as losing his family to tuberculosis seemed to enthrall him into the arms of death. Thus, when observing details in his poetry and stories, the essen ce of tuberculosis symptoms are revealed. His pessimist outlook of life lies within the symbols of darkness an...

International Trade 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Trade 1 - Essay Example United States Department of Agriculture’s Economic Research Service (USDA’s ERS) report says that during the period 2000 to 2004 the world economy grew from $39190 billion to $43363 billion. (www.ers.usda.gov). WTO report says that the Asian region recorded an export growth of 14.5 in 2004. Real merchandise imports in South America grew by 18.5 per cent, which was twice as fast as world trade in 2004. Africa’s trade expanded strongly in 2004. North America’s export recovery, which started in 2003, gained momentum in 2004. The enlargement process of the European Union towards the east fostered an integration process between central and Eastern Europe resulting in sharp rise in intra – industry exchanges, e.g. automobiles. The GDP growth of Asia more than doubled from 2.37 percent in 2001 to 5.42 percent in 2004. Thus, growth of an economy automatically increases the economic components like exports and trade The major chunk of merchandise trading, after oil, around the globe happens in iron and steel, ores, non-ferrous metals and fuels. The growth of this sector also contributes to the growth of global trade. Historically the US has been the major importer of iron and steel, ores and non-ferrous metals. The growth in real estate and construction industry fuelled this need for iron and steel. Being the largest manufacturer of goods also made the US the largest consumer of non-ferrous metals like copper and aluminium. With the emergence of China, the consumption of non-ferrous base metals has gone up drastically. Chinese imports of the metals have increased to extent, where the demand has overshot the production. This increased the prices of base metals like copper. The price of copper in the London Exchange in April 2000 was around $ 1600 per metric tonne and in April 2004 it was around $2200 per metric

Gender Socialization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gender Socialization - Essay Example According to Shedko (n.d.), gender roles are defined as a set of behavioral norms which are associated with males and females in a given society (p. 82). To understand gender roles, we must evaluate the three types of societies that are found in the current world which include the traditional society, modern society and the cross-cultural society. Gender roles involves a complex process that involves a sequence of norms, social rules and other values that are attached with that gender. Deviation from the same has serious consequences especially in the traditionally set societies. The models of gender role that have been developed to help understand the topic include the total role segregation model and the model of total integration of roles. Gender socialization, on the other hand, involves the gradual process of learning the behavior and attitudes that are considered appropriate for a given sex. However, it is important to note that the behaviors and attitudes are not fixed and they may be varying from one society to the other. The expectations that are tied to the given behaviors keep on changing. Considering the research that has been done on the topic, the people interviewed express their view that the two genders should have different gender roles. On top of that, they feel that the two should be treated differently. This is a common experience in many societies where the boys and the girls will even have different rooms that are equipped differently and the boys are accorded different duties and responsibilities compared to the ones that are given to the girls. Gender stereotypes are created in this manner.  

Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

Statistics - Essay Example Therefore, this paper presents carbon dioxide data and a presentation of its trend over the years. In addition, the paper presents data on unemployment and house prices and their relationship in United Kingdom over the years. The above chart represents an upward trend in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. The horizontal axis represents the years from 1991 to 2011 whereas the vertical axis represents the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Looking at the data, the mean of CO2 is increasing from year to year thus creating an upward trend. This being a period of industrial revolution, this rise is associated with the heavy or rather increasing human and industrial activities across the globe. A snapshot of the above chart depicts that in every year there was a rise in carbon dioxide up to a certain level whereby it reduces before it began rising again. For instance, in the year 1991, the first five months reported an increase in CO2 concentration. Thereafter, the next four months depicted or rather reported a decrease in CO2 concentration. Finally, the last three months of the year showed an increase in the level of CO2 in comparison with the previous four years. Therefore, this rising trend in CO2 concentration is due to factors such as increased use of the fossil fuel across the globe and other agricultural or industrial activities that contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Looking at the unemployment rate chart, there is a downward trend in the rate of unemployment over the years. The vertical axis is the rate of unemployment in every year whereas the horizontal axis is the years; from 1991 to 2013. The mean of unemployment rate is reducing from year to year. For instance, the mean in the year 1991 is 7.675, in 1992 is 9.341 and in 1993 is 9.891667. The trend in house prices chart shows an upward trend in house price over the years. The horizontal axis of the

The Importance Of Sustainability Marketing In Hotel Industry

The Importance Of Sustainability Marketing In Hotel Industry Tourism development depends on the local environment, but the hotel as a pillar industry of tourism, on environmental protection and reasonable use of resources made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹efforts directly related to the development of tourism and affect the sustainable development of society. 2. Review on Sustainability Marketing Since 90s, a wave of green revolution is sweeping the world and the concept of sustainable development has been gradually accepted by the people. Nowadays, sustainability becomes a hot topic and main theme of 21st century marketing for hotel industry, because the future hotel development will be more focus on protecting the balance of ecological environment, saving energy and reducing pollution, but that is only one hand. On the other, it is also being an important role in the marketing strategy for any business. Especial in todays highly competitive hotel industry, how to distinguish self from others and run a long-term successful business becomes a question for all hotels management. Lets discuss from the external and internal factors first which influences hotel sustainability. 2.1 External and Internal Factors Within the hotel industry, there are many ways we can talk about how to do sustainability, for example, recycling paper, changing normal bulbs to energy saving light bulb, using non-polluting materials etc. But those measures only can assist in some small ways, sustainability is a much wider topic we can discuss. It is constituted with external and internal factors. There are six areas are illustrated connecting together in an environment of economic success, social responsibility, and ecological health (Daub Ergenzinger 2005), and that six areas include location, marketing, human resources, empowerment, resource management and yield management. These are not the only elements that management needs to consider but it does give some indication of the importance of each element in a connected environment. (Holmberg, J. 1992). Besides those external factors, environmental management, water management and energy management as important internal components direct influences hotel environ mental sustainability. Throughout the factors, the sustainability development of the global hotel industry is not only direct impact by internal factors, but external factors as a strategy element will assist a hotel business go beyond. 2.2 Definition of Sustainability Marketing The World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) defined sustainable development as development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. (Brundlland Commission Report, 1987). This is a general explanation apply to all field. But in a business context, sustainable development means taking a triple bottom line (people, planet and profit) approach so that the business measures its success not just on financial performance, but on its environmental and social performance too (Csreurope.org 1999) . The Langham in Shanghai currently installing LED screen for every hotel room, and it will display each rooms energy consumption index (ECI), assuming hotel set 150 point as the average ECI, and if the index of the guests room below this average value, every point that lower than the average index, it can exchange to the equivalent hotel credit value, guest can consume goods within hotel using this credit value. 2.2.1 Different between Green Marketing and Sustainability Marketing Many people define sustainable marketing as green marketing. But from the definition between these two words, they still have subtle difference. Green marketing has three components, it refers to retailing, social marketing and environment and it will help an organization minimize negative impact on the physical environment (American Marketing Association). However, sustainable marketing is the contribution that the marketing profession can make to sustainable development (Csreurope.org 1999). Hence, green marketing should be an important member under sustainable marketing in order to assist hotel business goes further. Langham made a lot of energy saving effort to achieve the environmental protection, on the other hand, it helped hotel save cost. In addition, it provided a different experience to let their customer be an environmentalist. The manager Mr Li from Langham mention that hotel wont sacrifice their guests stay experience to achieve their own environmental goals, but can added more enthusiasm of environmental protection when they stay at hotel, sustainability marketings aim is not only focus on reduce pollution, more important is promote green awareness in order to build a green corporate image. Therefore, for those advocating environmental protection guest can easily make a choice, select a hotel which their core is sustainable development, so that not only broadcast their fame, but also retain the guest, that is the sustainable development road for a hotel. 2.4 The Importance Elements of Sustainability Marketing for Hotel Industry  ¼Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ®Ãƒ ¥Ã…  Ã‚ ©Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ©Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ £Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¦Ã…’ ½Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ º Sustainable Travel international (SIT) is a global non-profit leader which announced the launch of the Luxury Eco Certification Standard (LECS) to luxury hotels, it h elps them create and implement a measurement and management framework move toward to sustainability.(website). It can be seen, for todays hotel industry, being a well know hotel is not only reflect on variety service they can provide, but also give customer a different experience to retain their loyalty is the most important elements for nowadays hotel. 2.5.1 Customer Satisfaction The hotel wont sacrifice customer stay experience to achieve its own environmental goals. The hotel does not sacrifice guests stay to achieve their own environmental goals. Guests spend money hoping to enjoy equivalent services, the hotel environmental protection, is not so that guests can not do this can not do that, but I hope they add more environmental enthusiasm stay. Have a great sale not because of grate product, because of service)7-11 2.4.2 Branding In addition, the implementation of green marketing is also beneficial to build a green corporate image to ensure, so companies gain a unique competitive advantage. 2.3 Development trend of Sustainability Marketing Marketing has a responsibility to achieve profitable growth for the company (KOTLER, P., BOWEN, J. T., MAKENS, J. C. 2006). 2.3.1 Knows Customer Needs, Wants Demand 2.3.2 Differentiate Product from Other Competitors 2.5 Strategy Planning of Sustainability Marketing à ¦Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½Ãƒ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¦Ã…’ Ãƒ §Ã‚ »Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ±Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½Ãƒ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ·Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¦Ã… ½Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¦- ½: SUSTAINABILITYà ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ¨ 2.4.1 SWOT Analysis 3. Conclusion

Racial Discrimination Essay -- English Literature

Racial Discrimination Racial discrimination is shown through out the book, To kill a mockingbird. During discrimination, many certain people got hurt during the times of the depression. In this book, Tom Robinson was teased of and discriminated against because he was black. Scout Finch is the narrator of the book. Jem is her brother, and the father is Atticus Finch, the dad and the city knowing lawyer. This book is set during the depression, so it is kind of hard for people to live with going through this time period. Many people are very hurt and very badly beaten because of the time that people usually did not like blacks and some times they did not even like whites at times. The author of To kill a mockingbird, is Harper lee, whose book shows the hard times of companionship and leadership throughout to kill a mockingbird, which shows how people are treated and how they act about being beat up. She also tries to show how people have so bad ideas that would just be painful to someone else but they still think it is cool because they know that they should not be living with a black person or a white person. Most of the prejudice that happen in this book revolves around the Tom Robinson rape case. This book is set in Maycomb, Alabama. Racial discrimination becomes a big factor in to kill a mockingbird. " People said that he existed but jem and I had never seen him". " There are four kinds of folks in this world", Blacks, Ewells, Cunningham's, and the finches and the neighbors. Miss Caroline says to scout that, " your father does not know how to teach". That is discrimination by just guessing that scouts dad doesn't know how to be a teacher. Tom Robinson knew that he was innocent and so did Atticus but ... ... a very hard job because most of the people in maycomb county and the county's all believe that blacks are bad and they should be punished for their race. This is true because people in the city believe that blacks are bad for the community and they should have to be put in jail if they are accused and they might not be guilty, but they are still thrown in jail because of the outside appearance color of their skin. Telling people in maycomb sometimes shows racial jokes while blacks are selfish people, and they should just be put in jail for being selfish. I would hate to always be picked on because what color of my skin I was, or if people to make racial comments that maybe I am small, or like they don't like my racial background. I still believe that people all over the world should just come together and share what they know about racial discrimination.

Exploring a Communication in Arabic Lingua Culture Essay

Conversation is the most basic form of communication and human beings rely on conversation to exchange information and maintain social relationships (Gardner 1994: 97). Human interactions rely on conversation for simple chatting as well as work related tasks, political discussions and educational decisions (Gardner 1994: 98). Conversation is at the heart of the human ability to interact with one another in everyday life. Communicative events typically involve definable boundaries and a joint effort at interaction (Orr 2008: 317). A communicative event that occurs within its social boundaries becomes an engagement between two people (Orr 2008: 317). In other words, a communicative event between two friends results in an engagement that has meaning to both parties involved. In contrast, a communicative event that is between two strangers, such as a shopper and salesperson, cannot be considered an engagement because when the encounter is over it holds no meaning to those involved (Orr 2008: 317). Further, a communicative event is only successful when both parties involved contribute to the process of understanding as the conversation takes place (Aune, Levine, Park, Asada, & Banas 2005: 358). In a communicative event between friends, each friend is responsible for contributing something to the conversation that will make the interaction meaningful for both people. When both friends are not contributing to the communicative event equally, then the encounter fails to have meaning and makes the person who is contributing view his or her friend negatively (Aune, et al 2005: 358). An analysis of a communicative event that occurred between two friends in Saudi Arabia is offered. This analysis includes a discussion of the eleven components that Saville-Troike identifies. The Communicative Event Cultural analysis is an important part of discussing linguistics and communication. However, linguistics is not typically associated with a cultural analysis even though the conversation styles and traditions of different cultures are an essential component to communicative events (Wierzbicka 1997: 1). In fact, there is a very close link between culture and the lexicon of the language spoken as part of that culture. This is why many cultures rely on special words for important aspects of their culture such as food (Wierzbicka 1997: 1). Additionally, many cultures, such as the Arabic culture, rely on special greetings and phrases as part of their communicative events. These special greetings and phrases add depth to the communicative events and allow them to have meaning to the people involved. The conversation analyzed for this paper occurred between two friends and included a special greeting as well as common phrases used in Saudi Arabian culture. These components of the communicative event allowed the interaction to mean something to the two friends and resulted in positive feelings from both. The definition of a communicative event and a consideration to cultural differences is particularly useful for language teachers because it gives them insight into the importance of specific aspects of communicative events that differ across cultural boundaries. Language teachers are most successful when they are able to incorporate aspects of native language into new language acquisition. Changing the way that language teachers instruct is a constant part of the job of language teachers (Jacobs & Farrell 2003: 5). At the same time, it is important that a language teacher give students the tools necessary for learner autonomy, understanding the social nature of learning, the ability for curricular integration, a focus on meaning, attention to diversity, thinking skills, assessment and utilizing the teacher as a co learner (Jacobs & Farrell 2003: 5). These eight skills are essential for language teachers to implement in order to allow students to rely on their native language while also learning a new language. Further, sensitivity to cultural differences in language style will allow the language teacher to provide students with authentic opportunities to engage in meaningful communicative events. At the same time, language teachers cannot choose to only implement one or two of these components. They are all necessary components to successful language instruction. Classroom language instruction is an important part of the job of a language teacher. However, the type of language instruction has an impact on how well students acquire language skills (Spada 1987: 137). A study of three separate language classrooms over a period of sixty observation hours shows that students are sensitive to the communicative orientation of new language acquisition (Spada 1987: 137). The reason behind this observation is the different communicative styles utilized by different cultures. For example, the special greeting and phrases used the in conversation to be analyzed here differ from the style of communication in other cultures. Therefore, sensitivity to different communicative styles may result in better instruction and higher levels of learning. The ability to improve in the speaking, listening and discourse areas of language learning seem to be related to classroom instruction style (Spada 1987: 137). When a language teacher begins to work with a specific location, the first step is to study the community that will make up the instructional population. This is important so the language teacher is able to gather important information about the social organization and important aspects of the culture in order to relate that information to the culture (Saville-Troike 1989: 107). At the same time, it is important for language teachers to discover the way that native speakers structure their communicative events in order to gain insight into the importance of different communication components important to that specific culture (Saville-Troike 1989: 107). Ultimately, the goal of a language teacher would be to make many careful and thorough observations of native speakers engaging in a variety of different communicative events so a complete understanding of communication can be gathered. Once this job is completed the language teacher should be able to model communicative events after the communicative events of native speakers (Saville-Troike 1989: 107). To this end, Saville-Troike introduces eleven components that will each be commented on as they relate to the communicative example used in this paper: type of event, topic, purpose or function, setting, key, participants, message form, message content, act sequence, rules for interaction and norms for interaction (1989: 138). Type of Event, Topic, Purpose and Setting The type of event, topic, purpose and setting make up the scene of the communicative event (Saville-Troike 1989: 139). The type of event analyzed is an informal conversation between two university friends who have not seen or spoken to one another for a week. The topic of the conversation is the time that has gone by without speaking or seeing one another and includes a discussion about why so much time has passed as well as plans to spend time together in the near future. The purpose of the communicative event is time for the friends to catch up with one another and make plans to engage in further conversation. Finally, the setting for the communicative event is Abha City in the Southern Province of Saudi Arabia. These four components of this specific communicative event make up the whole scene. While only the setting can be directly observed, the type of event, the topic and the purpose of this communicative event are equally as important for gathering information about the cultural aspects of Arabic linguistics and conversation style (Saville-Troike 1989: 139). Further cultural information can be obtained by observing the traditions and customs of a specific culture with regards to communication. This communicative event occurred between two friends and included the special greeting, â€Å"Peace be upon you† and â€Å"peace be upon you too. † This greeting is an essential aspect of Arabic communicative events and means that there is goodwill among the two friends. If this greeting would have been omitted from the conversation it would indicate that the friends were angry with one another. When analyzing components of a communicative event that are not directly visible it is important to be watching for important information regarding the sacred nature of communication and what that looks like for different cultures (Saville-Troike 1989: 141). For example, in this communicative event between two friends, an observer cannot see what the type of event or what the purpose of the event is. However, listening to the conversation and watching for customs and traditions provides valuable insight into the nature of cultural differences and what is important (Saville-Troike 1989: 141). These observations will allow an observer to discover what is sacred to a culture with regards to communication as well as what types of beliefs are important to them. Further, an observer can learn what behaviors are unacceptable, what the purpose of particular behaviors are and see external signs of participation in ritual parts of a communicative event (Saville-Troike 1989: 141). Key The key of a communicative event is introduced in order to provide the tone, manner or spirit of the encounter (Saville-Troike 1989: 141). This can take the form of teasing versus seriously discussing something, being sincere versus sarcastic, being friendly versus hostile or being sympathetic versus threatening (Saville-Troike 1989: 141). The type of key that is present in a communicate event relies on the type of relationship the people involved in conversation have. In this case, the communicative event was informal, but respectful and was a sincere and friendly exchange between two friends. However, if the conversation took a sarcastic key, the sarcasm would have overridden the sincerity of the interaction thus making the conversation far less meaningful than it was (Saville-Troike 1989: 142). In this way, the strongest key takes center stage and is determined by who the participants of the communicate event are, what their relationship as well as the nature of the conversation. Further, the key of the communicative event may be determined through the use of nonverbal cues in addition to the dialogue. For example, if one person winks at the other this may suggest some teasing during the conversation while a stiff posture may indicate that a serious conversation is occurring (Saville-Troike 1989: 142). Observing the communicative event that is analyzed here, the nonverbal cues may have included changes in facial expression when the friends began to discuss why one friend had been to busy to spend time with friends. Watching these facial expressions would lend insight into how serious or friendly the communicative event really was. Participants The participants are the most important component of a communicative event. Without participants, conversation would never happen. The participants in this communicative event were two young male university friends. The absence of females indicates the nature of gender roles in the Saudi Arabian culture. In the Arabic culture, males are not permitted to meet with females and are only allowed to converse with other males. This information provides important information regarding the role relationship of conversation in Saudi Arabia as well as information about sex and social status (Saville-Troike 1989: 143). The absence of females provides a great deal of information about the Arabic culture. It shows what the rights of each member of society are as well as the attitudes, expectations and behaviors toward others. It also shows who has authority over whom (Saville-Troike 1989: 143). This communicative event shows that males are the dominant gender in Saudi Arabian culture and this prevents them from openly conversing with females. Further, it gives insight into the attitudes, expectations and behaviors expected from males versus females. Finally, the culture dictates the formality or informality of a communicative event (Saville-Troike 1989: 144). This exchange between two young male friends was informal as compared to a conversation that may take place between a young Arab male and an older Arab male. In other words, the participants engaging in conversation have a direct influence over the nature of the communicate event and dictate what type of interaction will take place. Message Form Message form, message content and act sequence are determined by various social, cultural and situational constraints on communicative behavior. Each of these components can be presented vocally or non vocally (Saville-Troike 1989: 144). Many cultures rely on non vocal sounds to represent meaning in conversation and these make up the message form. These vocal and non vocal sounds make up the verbal and non verbal components of conversation style. For example, the verbal vocal relationship includes spoken language while the non verbal vocal relationship includes such things as laughter. Similarly, the non vocal verbal relationship is comprised of such things as written language or sign language while the non vocal non verbal relationship includes such things as silence and eye behavior (Saville-Troike 1989: 145). Although these different aspects of language vary across cultures, they are important aspects of any communication style. This communicative event example used here relies on these different relationships in order to allow the participants to engage in a conversation that has meaning to both parties. The two friends engaged in the verbal vocal relationship simply by exchanging spoken dialogue. At the same time, they engaged in the non verbal vocal relationship by relying on laughter to become part of their conversation. They also relied on the non vocal verbal relationship through the use of hand gestures and facial expressions that lent support to the nature of the conversation and also injected meaning into the exchange. Finally, the two friends showed the non vocal non verbal relationship through their use of appropriate silences and eye contact while speaking to one another. Message Content The message content is closely related to message form and cannot be separated for appropriate analysis to occur (Saville-Troike 1989: 150). Message content refers to what communicative acts are about and what meaning they hold. The dialogue and silences of a communicate event make up the message form while the meaning and implications derived from the communicative event make up the message content (Saville-Troike 1989: 150). The overall meaning of a communicate event rely on the verbal and non verbal messages being exchanged. However, meaning is also derived from extra linguistic context as well as information and expectations participants bring to the conversation (Saville-Troike 1989: 150). The physical content of a communicative event is important because it lends additional information to the exchange that allows for enhanced meaning. In this way, people who do not even speak the same language are often able to find meaning in their exchange simply be relying on physical objects or other outside influences that inject meaning without words (Saville-Troike 1989: 151). Whatever type of physical objects, outside influences or even hand gestures that are used during a communicative event it is important that they convey meaning and allow for a successful conversation. The example of a conversation used here was successful because the two friends understood the location they were in as well as the gestures each person used during the course of the communicative event. Act Sequence The act sequence component of a communicative event includes information about the ordering of the conversation. This is evident through the appropriate initiation of conversation by one person and the following of that initiation by the other person (Saville-Troike 1989: 152 – 153). The example provided here is a good example of appropriate initiation. One of the young men starts the conversation by saying, â€Å"peace be upon you† and the other man responded with, â€Å"peace be upon you too. † In Saudi Arabian culture this is an important greeting and indicates friendship and goodwill at the start of a conversation. Eliminating this greeting would suggest anger and would upset the natural ordering of conversations in Arabic culture (Saville-Troike 1989: 153). Regular patterns and recurring events are important cultural component of communicative events. When participants follow these patterns and recurring events it suggests that the nature of conversations is important and sacred within a culture. Further, the types of patterns that emerge from these patterns and recurring events allow for comparison across cultures (Saville-Troike 1989: 153 – 154). The conversation between the two young Arabic students followed a natural progression and provided important insight into the nature of communicative events in Arabic culture. Rules for Interaction The rules of interaction dictate an explanation for the rules of speech which are applicable to communicative event in a specific culture (Saville-Troike 1989: 154). These rules refer to the way that the participants in the conversation are expected to behave based on the values of their culture (Saville-Troike 1989: 154). Again, the special greeting at the start of this conversation is one example of an expectation for behavior. In Arabic culture, this is the standard greeting that comes at the beginning of a communicative event and Arabic males are expected to make use of it. These rules may not necessarily be dictated by law but are used based on values that are important within a specific culture (Saville-Troike 1989: 154). Arabic law does not require this greeting at the start of a conversation, but the values and beliefs of the Arabic culture make the greeting an expectation. Further, the use of this greeting indicates the role of turn taking in conversation within the Arabic culture. The initial greeting is followed by a follow up greeting which allows the participants to take turns greeting one another and starting a conversation. At the same time, turn taking is important in this example of a communicative event because it allows each young man to have a turn speaking while the other young man listens. This injects meaning into the conversation because the interaction relies on listening skills as well as speaking skills to get the point across (Saville-Troike 1989: 155). Norms of Interpretation Norms of interpretation are important because they provide all of the other information about the culture. These are essential for the overall understanding of the communicative event (Saville-Troike 1989: 155). For example, the different types of speech must be analyzed in order to fully understand cultural differences within a conversation. This example of the communicative event used here includes the use of the phrase, â€Å"old man. † In some cultures this may a derogatory phrase but is included in this example to show respect. In Arabic culture using the term â€Å"old man† shows respect for one’s elders and the young men use it in reference to one of their fathers. The understanding that this phrase shows respect is well known within the Arabic culture so it becomes a norm of conversation that is acceptable (Saville-Troike 1989: 155). Conclusion The development of communicative competence cannot take place without a relationship among these eleven components (Lock 1983: 253). Contexts rely on cultural information in order to provide an interplay of conversation as well as the self concepts of the participants and social structure acceptable within a society (Lock 1983: 253). A relationship among these eleven components can lead to successful communicative competence based on the cultural implications of language and how this relates to self concept and social structure (Lock 1983: 253). This can be directly applied to the language teacher because communicative competence is a cornerstone of successful language acquisition (Lee 2006: 349). Further, successful communicative events are only possible if a language teacher is able to blend the cultural components of the native language with the cultural components of the new language (Holliday 1997: 212). Therefore, an understanding of communicative competence is an essential part of successful language instruction (Lee 2006: 349). Communicative competence is the part of language knowledge that dictates which communicative system to use (Stalker 1989: 182). When the communicative system chosen is spoken language or conversation it is important to connect the goals and context of the situation in order to have a meaningful communicative event (Stalker 1989: 182). A basic understanding of what communication abilities are necessary for successful conversation within a specific culture is necessary to function adequately in society (Wiemann & Backlund 1980: 185). Therefore, the eleven components applied to a specific conversation example provide evidence and insight into the importance of language teachers enabling students to gain the knowledge the learning necessary in order to successfully participate in communicative encounters (Wiemann & Backlund 1980: 185; Gardner 1994: 104). To this end, it is important to provide students with knowledge pertaining to the use of key words within a particular culture (Wierzbicka 1997: 6) as well as analyze the importance of the relationship between the eleven components of language (Saville-Troike 1989: 156). Finally, the overall outcome of communication is to discover the unique events and recurring patterns within a specific culture (Saville-Troike 1989: 177). This can only be done through careful observation and analysis of communicative events within a particular culture (Saville-Troike 1989: 177). Aune, R. K. ; Levine, T. R. ; Park, H. ; Asada, K. K. ; & Banas, J. A. 2005. Tests of a theory of communicative responsibility. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 24 (4): 358 – 381. Gardner, R. 1994. Conversation analysis: some thoughts on it applicability to applied linguistics. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, Series S (11): 97 – 118. Holliday, A. 1997. Six lessons: cultural continuity in communicative language teaching. Language Teaching Research, 1 (3): 212 – 238. Jacobs, G. M. & Farrell, T. S. C. 2003. Understanding and implementing the CLT paradigm. RELC Journal, 34 (1): 5 – 30. Lee, Y. 2006. Towards respectification of communicative competence: condition of L2 instruction or its objective? Applied Linguistics, 27 (3): 349 – 376. Lock, A. 1983. Communicative contexts and communicative competence. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 2 (2-3-4): 253 – 266. Orr, W. W. R. 2008. ‘Prospecting an encounter’ as a communicative event. Discourse Studies, 10 (3): 317 – 339. Saville-Troike, M. 1989, ‘The analysis of communicative events’, in The Ethnography of Communication: An Introduction, 2nd edn, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 107-180. Spada, N. M.1987. Relationships between instructional differences and learning outcomes: a process-product study of communicative language teaching. Applied Linguistics, 8 (2): 137 – 161. Stalker, J. C. 1989. Communicative competence, pragmatic functions, and accommodation. Applied Linguistics, 10 (2): 182 – 193. Wiemann, J. M. & Backlund, P. 1980. Current theory and research in communicative competence. Review of Educational Research, 50 (1): 185 – 199. Wierzbicka, A. 1997, ‘Introduction’, in Understanding Cultures Through Their Key Words, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 1-31.

Free Essays on Double Face

â€Å"you don’t look like Indian† use to make her happier then anything else. I remember my first day of school in USA when my sister told me not to tell any one in school that I am her bother, because that will destroy her reputation in school. Of course I wasn’t old enough to decide my own appearance but she was. My sister is six years older then me, and she was the first Indian women I saw smoking and drinking at age of 15. She always went out with Spanish or black kids in school. According to my naked eye no one could of being a better example then my own sister, in terms of cultural imperialism. She never finished her High School and runaway from home, when my father decides a range marriage for her. Later that year she got married with an African-American guy and got divorce two years later. Well I guess she learned from her mistake and trying her best to be an Indian, now days. She is not the only one that doesn’t get accepted in my culture, me myself having the same problems. I tried my best to maintain my own culture, I can read and write in my own language, which she doesn’t. Well, I guess we have to be more Indian then Indian and More American the American to get accepted in both societies. Only logical explanation my grandfather ever gave me when I asked for advice was that â€Å"when you live in a modern society, you can never go back†. I still didn’t understood the meaning of his word, wish I can ask him again but to bad he past a way. My grandfather use to ... Free Essays on Double Face Free Essays on Double Face Reading â€Å"Double Face† by Amy Tan didn’t surprise me at all. As an Asian American my family has been struggling through the same social change. In my family we are four sisters and one bother (me). I am 2nd oldest in my family and only one that wasn’t born in United State of America. I remember my old sister whom I use to go to school together, took two hours in bathroom every morning trying her best to look like American. The words â€Å"you don’t look like Indian† use to make her happier then anything else. I remember my first day of school in USA when my sister told me not to tell any one in school that I am her bother, because that will destroy her reputation in school. Of course I wasn’t old enough to decide my own appearance but she was. My sister is six years older then me, and she was the first Indian women I saw smoking and drinking at age of 15. She always went out with Spanish or black kids in school. According to my naked eye no one could of being a better example then my own sister, in terms of cultural imperialism. She never finished her High School and runaway from home, when my father decides a range marriage for her. Later that year she got married with an African-American guy and got divorce two years later. Well I guess she learned from her mistake and trying her best to be an Indian, now days. She is not the only one that doesn’t get accepted in my culture, me myself having the same problems. I tried my best to maintain my own culture, I can read and write in my own language, which she doesn’t. Well, I guess we have to be more Indian then Indian and More American the American to get accepted in both societies. Only logical explanation my grandfather ever gave me when I asked for advice was that â€Å"when you live in a modern society, you can never go back†. I still didn’t understood the meaning of his word, wish I can ask him again but to bad he past a way. My grandfather use to ...

E-Token Essays

E-Token Essays E-Token Essay E-Token Essay ‘E-TOKEN SYSTEM’ FOR SUBMITTING VISA APPLICATIONS TO TRAVEL TO INDIA BY BANGLADESH NATIONALS To ease the process of submission of visa applications by citizens of Bangladesh, digital ‘Etoken’ system has been introduced for Bangladeshi Passport holders, applying for visa at Indian Visa Application Centres (IVAC) at Gulshan, Dhaka and Motijheel, Dhaka with effect from November 15, 2009. 2. Procedure for visa application is as given below: Bangladesh Passport holders wishing to apply for visa to travel to India must visit website www. ivacbd. com and log on to ‘E-Token system’. Applicant must fill up all mandatory fields as indicated therein. Applicant is required to choose a date for submission of visa application from available dates shown in the field, and the place of submission i. e. IVAC, Gulshan or IVAC, Motijheel. Only one registration will be allowed for available dates. Applicant need to take a printout of ‘E- token’ in A4 size paper. Applicant should go to IVAC Gulshan or IVAC Motijheel, as indicated in E- token, on the date for which the token has been issued along with (i) the print out of ‘E-token’ (ii) duly filled in visa application, and (iii) all necessary documents. Visa applications are accepted at IVAC Gulshan from 0800 hrs to 1200 hrs, and at IVAC Motijheel from 0800 hrs to 1100 hrs. ‘E- Token’ is not valid beyond the date for which it has been issued. One member of a family is permitted to submit visa applications on behalf of other family members, subject to a maximum of five visa applications per day and subject to production of proof of relationship. For this purpose, family constitutes spouse, children and parents. 3. Emergency medical cases require valid ‘E-token’ but may seek priority at medical emergency counter at IVAC, Gulshan. Contact person: Manager (Adm), IVAC, Gulshan. Tel 02-8833632 / 9893006) 4. Visa applications of Hon’ble Members of Parliament and Judiciary; Chairman/ CEO/ Managing Director of established companies and members of their families; and persons above 70 years of age can be submitted through authorised representative carrying valid ‘E-token’. 5. In the event of th e date for which an e-token has been issued becomes a non-working day for any reasons, the e-token will be accepted on the next working day. 6. For queries, kindly contact: Manager (Administration), Indian Visa Application Centre, Road No. 37, House No 12, Gulshan-1, Dhaka. Tel : 02-8833632 / 9893006; Fax: 02- 9863229; email: [emailprotected] com. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Q 1. As per your notification, one member of family can submit 5 visa applications on behalf of his/her family. Can all five applications be submitted with one E- token or separate token is mandatory for each application? Ans. Separate e-token is mandatory for each application. Q 2. I have got E-token for Indian Visa Application Centre (IVAC), Gulshan. Can I submit the application at IVAC, Motijheel ? Ans. No, You must submit visa application at the place indicated in e-token. Interchangeability of place of deposit is not allowed. Q 3. I have generated an e-token for a particular date. Can I submit the visa application before or after that date? Ans. E- token is valid only for the date for which it has been generated. Therefore, you have to submit the application on the specified date itself. The only exception is that on medical and other extreme personal emergencies, you are allowed to submit the application with an E-token , even if the token generated is for a future date. For the purpose, you should approach â€Å"Help Desk† at Indian Visa Application Centre, Gulshan (please click here) Q 4. Can I submit visa application any time on the date of date of registration or do I have to come during the service timings indicated in E-token? Ans: You must submit your visa application within the service timings indicated in the e-token. Q 5. I am a Bangladeshi national holding dual nationality. I wish to apply for visa on my Passport other than the Bangladeshi Passport. Do I need to generate an E- token for applying for visa? Ans. No, E- token system is applicable only for Bangladeshi Passport holders. Q 6. Is the presence of the patient essential for submission of visa application on medical cases? Ans. Presence of the patient for submission of application is not required in serious medical cases. Persons accompanying the patient are allowed to submit visa application of the patient on the basis of authority letter along with all necessary documents. Q 7. I made a mistake while filling in the columns in E-token field. Do I have the option to modify the entries already made? Ans. No, presently there is no system of modification of entries already made. Extreme care should be taken while filling in information. All particulars filled in should match with those entered in your passport. Making incorrect entries will result in rejection of you application. Q 8. I have got e-token for a particular date. I want to cancel it and book another date? Is that possible? Ans. Yes, you may send an e-mail to [emailprotected] com intimating your e-token no. date along with your mobile number before 5 pm on any working day prior to the date of your registration. Normally the working days are from Sunday to Thursday in the week (please click here for list of holidays). Cancellation will be notified to you by sms or e-mail. After that you may try for another date available in the system. However cancellation does not guarantee confirmed bookings on another date. It all depends upon availability of slots on the date of your registration. Q 9. I lost the print out of my e-token. How can I get a reprint? Ans. Please click in the field for reprint. Fill in your Passport number and take another print out. Q 10. Can any person submit visa application on behalf of another person? Ans. No, however certain categories of persons are exempted from physical presence for submitting visa applications as notified in State Bank of India, Dhaka Press advertisement of November 6,2009 (E token system). Q 11. When I enter the e-token field, it shows ‘Sorry no tokens are available†. What’s the reason? Ans. It is possible that all E- tokens for that particular date could have already been issued. As a large number of persons are applying for Indian visa every day it is advisable that you register in the early hours of the day so that your chances of getting a confirmed slot are brighter, if not certain.